1. Proceedings of Electron Beam Melting and Refining—State of the Art conferences, 1983–1997, ed. R. Bakish (Englewood, NJ: Bakish Materials Corp., 1997).
2. M. von Pirani, U.S. patent 848,600 (26 March 1907).
3. Hugh R. Smith, Vacuum Metallurgy (New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1958).
4. Hugh R. Smith, Charles d’A. Hunt, and Charles Hanks, J. Metals, 11 (2) (1959), pp. 112–117.
5. Hugh R. Smith, Proc. Second Symp. on EB Processes, ed. R. Bakish (Boston, MA: Alloyed Electronics Corp., 1960), pp. 15–24.