1. For a discussion of the change in one Welsh county see Kenneth O. Morgan, ‘Cardiganshire Politics: the Liberal Ascendancy, 1885–1923’, Ceredigion V (1967), pp. 330–1. The liberals gained a majority of 37 to 10 in the elections for the Cardiganshire County Council in January1889. Their 37 councillors included 13 tenant farmers, 11 small businessmen and 4 Nonconformist ministers.
2. See N. Masterman, The Forerunner (1972). chapter 2, for a searching and sensitive discussion of Ellis’s Oxford days.
3. Kenneth O. Morgan, ‘D. A. Thomas: the Industrialist as Politician’, Glamorgan Historian, III (1966) pp. 46–7.
4. L. J. Williams, ‘The First Welsh “Labour” M.P.’, Morgannwg, VI (1962) pp. 78–94.
5. Among the major documents for the ‘new liberalism’ are J. A. Hobson, Imperialism: a Study (1902);