1. J. Douglas, ‘Living Morality versus Bureaucratic Fiat’, in C. B. Klockars and F. W. O’Connor, Deviance and Decency: the ethics of research with human subjects (London: Sage, 1979) pp. 13, 32.
2. The Nuremberg Code 1949, reprinted in S.J. Reiser et al., Ethics in Medicine (Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1977) pp. 272–3.
3. A. J. Reiss, ‘Conditions and Consequences of Consent in Human Subject Research’, in K. M. Wulff (ed.), Regulation of Scientific Inquiry (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1978) p. 163.
4. M. Brewster Smith, ‘Some Perspectives on Ethical/Political Issues in Social Science Research’, in M. L. Wax and J. Cassell (eds), Federal Regulations: Ethical Issues and Social Research (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1979), p. 14.
5. E. Goffman, Asylums (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1968) pp. 31–2.