1. The main characteristics of an absolute command economy were summarized and compared with those of a perfect market economy by Oleg Zinam, ‘The Economics of Command Economies’, in Jan S. Prybyla (ed.), Comparative Economic Systems, New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969, pp. 30–1, Table 2.3.
2. On the logical incompatibility of a planned economy and freedom for the individual see John Jewkes, Ordeal by Planning, London, Macmillan, 1949 (reprinted), Chapter X, and
3. John Jewkes, The New Ordeal by Planning, London, Macmillan, 1968, Chapter VIII.
4. The contrasting features of capitalism and socialism were summarized by J. Wilczynski, Comparative Industrial Relations, London, Macmillan, 1983, pp. 2–3, Figure 1.1.
5. On soft and hard budget constraint see János Kornai, The Socialist System, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992, pp. 140–5.