1. See the general studies: Lewis Mumford, The City in History (Harmondsworth, 1966)
2. Mark Girouard, Cities and People: A Social and Architectural History (New Haven, 1985)
3. Gideon Sjoberg, The Pre-Industrial City (New York, 1960). On the particular features of the early modern period,
4. see F. Braudel, Civilisation and Capitalism, 15th— 18th Centuries, trans. S. Reynolds, 3 vols (London, 1982), vol. 1, The Structures of Everyday Life, vol. 2, The Wheels of Commerce, vol. 3, The Perspective of the World; Richard Mackenney, The City-State (London, 1989)
5. and Peter Clark (ed.) The Early Modern Town (London, 1976).