1. Quoted in Joseph Godson, ‘The Role of the Trade Unions’, in Leonard Schapiro and Joseph Godson (eds) The Soviet Worker. Illusions and Realities (London: Macmillan, 1981) p. 107.
2. Ibid., p. 113, quoted from the preamble of Soviet trade union by-laws.
3. Laszlo Nagy, Hungary, in R. Blanpain (ed.) International Encyclopedia for Labour Law and Industrial Relations (Deventer, the Netherlands: Kluwer, 1981) p. 191.
4. See Godson; cf. Daniel Nelson, ‘Workers in a Workers’ State’, in Daniel Nelson (ed.) Romania in the 1980s (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981) p. 189;
5. Richard F. Staar, Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe (Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1982, 4th edn) p. 116. Porket, who sees the ‘interest function’ of the trade unions as both ‘contradictory and limited’, is more subtle in his version of this view: J. L. Porket, ‘Industrial Relations and Participation in Management in the Soviet-Type Communist System’, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. XVI, no. 1, March 1978, pp. 70–85. A comparative perspective is provided by J. Wilczynski, Comparative Industrial Relations (London: Macmillan, 1983).