1. G. Petracchi, La Russia rivoluzionaria nella politica italiana, 1917/25 (Bari: Laterza, 1982), p. XV.
2. See E. Serra, Nitti e la Russia (Bari: Dedalo Libri, 1975).
3. Petracchi, La Russia, pp. 178–9.
4. Petracchi, La Russia, pp. 233ff.
5. The text of the agreement to restore diplomatic relations is in Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Italia-Urss. Pagine di storia, 1917–1984, pp. 64–5 (hereafter cited as MAE). This collection of documents was edited jointly in 1985 by the Soviet and the Italian Ministries of Foreign Affairs.