1. Patterns of urbanisation in Scotland are discussed by I.D. Whyte ‘Urbanisation in Early-Modern Scotland: a Preliminary Analysis’, Scottish Economic and Social History, 9 (1989), 21–37,
2. and M. Lynch ‘Urbanisation and Urban Networks in Seventeenth Century Scotland’, Scottish Economic and Social History, 12 (1991), 24–41.
3. To set Scotland in a European perspective see J. de Vries European Urbanization 1500–1800 (London, 1985).
4. The best overall survey of early-modern Scottish urban development are the essays in M. Lynch (ed.) The Early-Modern Town in Scotland (London, 1987).
5. For the development of Old Aberdeen as a baronial burgh see R. Tyson ‘The Economic and Social Structure of Old Aberdeen in the Seventeenth Century’, in J.S. Smith (ed.) Old Aberdeen (Aberdeen, 1991), 38–56.