1. The course of these policy initiatives and others noted later in the chapter can be traced easily in any standard constitutional law case book. See, for example, Martin Shapiro and Rocco J. Tresolini, American Constitutional Law, 6th ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1983).
2. See Louis Fisher, Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the President (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985).
3. The literature on compliance and impact more generally is surveyed in Stephen Wasby, The Impact of the United States Supreme Court: Some Perspectives (Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey, 1970).
4. Charles Bullock and Harrell Rodgers, Law and Social Change: Civil Rights Laws and Their Consequences (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972).
5. For a more complete version of this argument, see Martin Shapiro, “The Constitution and Economic Rights,” in M. Judd Harmon, ed., Essays on the Constitution of the United States (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1978).