1. P.J. Schuyten, “Light Industry Adding Robots,” New York Times, October 25, 1979, p. D2.
2. P. Marsh, “America’s Factories Race to Automation,” New Scientist, June 25, 1981, p. 845. The 5 percent estimate is that of G. Boothroyd, of the University of Massachusetts.
3. R. Ristelhueber, “Robotics — The Applications Gap,” Electronic News, January 11, 1982, p. 60.
4. N. Usui, “Untended Machines Build Machines, American Machinist, June 1981, p. 142.
5. On visual sensing, see, for example, H.G. Barrow and J.M. Tenenbaum, “Computational Vision,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 69, 1981, p. 572.