1. S. E. D. Shortt, ‘Physicians, science and status: issues in the professionalisation of Anglo-American medicine in the 19th century’, Medical History, 27 (1983): 51–68.
2. Christopher J. Lawrence, ‘Incommunicable knowledge: science, technology and the clinical art in Britain, 1850–1914’, Journal of Contemporary History, 20 (1985): 503–20
3. A variety of treatments were attempted at the time including morphia, atropine to stimulate the heart, oxygen, bleeding to relieve circulatory embarrassment, the inhalation of alcohol to neutralise chlorine, and the application of cocaine and adrenaline to the trachea and bronchi to reduce inflammation. See, inter alia, letters from Rushton Parker, J. D. Mortimer, and W. S. Syme, British Medical Journal, Pt 1 (1915): 1027-8; and A. W. Hendry and E. L. Horsburgh,’ some general notes on suffocation by poisonous gases, with detailed notes on one fatal case’, British Medical Journal, Pt 1 (1915): 964-5. The most comprehensive and authoritative of the early accounts of gas poisoning was J. Elliot Black, Elliot T. Glenny and J. W. McNee, ‘Observations on six hundred and eighty-five cases of poisoning by noxious gases used by the enemy’, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 24 (1915): 509–18
4. D. J. C. Cunningham, ‘Claude Gordon Douglas 1882–1963’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society of London, 10 (1964): 51–74.
5. C. J. M[artin], ‘Ernest Henry Starling 1866–1927’, Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 102 (1928): xvii–xxvii