1. William Smellie, Collection of Cases, I (London, 1754) Collect. XXI nr. 1. Several authors, especially feminist writers, have pointed out that these kinds of criteria for involvement of ‘men-midwives’ in this traditionally female practice have been instrumental in the general takeover of the field of midwifery by doctors and the subsequent medicalisation of pregnancy and delivery. Among the numerous works on this subject I want to mention only two: D. C. Wertz, ‘What birth has done for doctors: a historical view’, Women and Health, 8(1) (1983): 7–25
2. H. Varnier, J. Chappuis, C. Chauvel and M. Funck-Brentano, Annales de Gynécologie, 45(3) (1896): 185.
3. A. Pinard and H. Varnier, XIIth International Medical Congress in Moscow, Session of 18 August 1897, Zentralblatt für Gynekologie, 21 (1897): 1145.
4. M. Levy and L. Thumin, Deutsche Medische Wochenschrift, 32 (1897): 507.
5. A. Albert, Gynakologische Gesellschaft zur Dresden, Sitzung vom 15 Dez. 1898 und 16 Nov. 1899, Zentralblatt für Gynekologie, 23 (1899): 418