1. See Stephen White, Political Culture and Soviet Politics (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1979), especially chapters 2 and 3; also Stephen White, ‘The USSR: Patterns of Autocracy and Industrialism’, in Archie Brown and Jack Gray (eds), Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1977).
2. The generational phenomenon is well described in Seweryn Bialer, Stalin’s Successors: Leadership, Stability, and Change in the Soviet Union (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980) pp. 59–61, 86–9.
3. Jerry Hough Soviet Leadership in Transition (Washington: Brookings, 1980) pp. 37–60
4. See T. H. Rigby, ‘Was Stalin a Disloyal Patron?’, Soviet Studies, Vol. XXXVII, No. 3 (July 1986).
5. Sheila Fitzpatrick, ‘Stalin and the Making of the New Elite, 1928–1939’, Slavic Review, Vol. 38, No. 3 (September, 1979).