1. An excellent recent summary is Ann Hughes, The Causes of the English Civil War (New York, 1991).
2. Anthony Fletcher, The Outbreak of the English Civil War (New York, 1981). See especially pp. 33–4, 413–14.
3. John Morrill, The Nature of the English Revolution (London, 1993), pp. 6, 9, 69.
4. John Morrill, The English Civil Wars 1642–1649’, History Today, 32 (Sept. 1982), 52.
5. See also Morrill, Reactions to the English Civil War, 1642–1649 (New York, 1983), pp. 2–4.