1. J. Massot, Chef de l’état et chef du Gouvernement: Dyarchie et hiérarchie (Paris: La Documentation française, 1993).
2. M. Duverger, Echec au roi (Paris: Albin Michel, 1978).
3. In the Fourth Republic two administrative institutions were attached to the presidency; see F. de Baecque, L’Administration centrale de la France (Paris: Armand Colin, 1973) p. 60. The Secretariat of the Higher Council of the Magistrature was created in 1947 and comprised three people. The General Secretariat of the High Council of the French Union was established in 1953 and, in 1958, comprised five people. See W. G. Andrews, Presidential Government in Gaullist France: A Study of Executive-Legislative Relations, 1958–1974 (Albany: State University of New York, 1982) p. 72. Neither were particularly significant institutions.
4. R. Py, Le Secrétariat général du gouvernement (Paris: La Documentation française, 1985).
5. ‘La réforme du Secrétariat général de la défense nationale’, Cahiers de la Fonction Publique, 142 (January 1996) pp. 4–6.