1. Theodore Lowi, ‘Foreword’ in, Andrei S. Markovits and Mark Silverstein, ed. The Politics of Scandal: Power and Process in Liberal Democracies (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1988) p. vii.
2. Suzanne Garment, ‘Political Imperfections: Scandal Time in Washington’ Public Opinion 10 no. 1 (May/June 1987) p. 11.
3. Phil Williams, Crisis Management: Confrontation and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age (London: Martin Robertson, 1976) p. 20.
4. See also, Patrick Lagadec (translated by Jocelyn M. Phelps) Preventing Chaos in a Crisis: Strategies for Prevention, Control and Damage Limitation (Maidenhead, Berks: McGraw-Hill, 1993) pp. 25–41.
5. For example, ‘Outside Advisers Urge Reagan to Act on Crisis’ Washington Post 12 December 1986, p. A1.