1. Roger Charlton, “Dehomogenising the Study of African Politics—The Case of Inter-State Influence on Regime Formation and Change,” Plural Societies 14, no. 1/2 (1983): 32–48.
2. Richard Hodder-Williams, An Introduction to the Politics of Tropical Africa (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1984), is insistent on this point.
3. Leonard Binder, Crises and Sequences in Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971). In this text, the term “challenges” is preferred to “crises.”
4. Richard Sandbrook, “The Crisis in Political Development Theory,” Journal of Development Studies 12, no. 2 (1976): 165–185.
5. Theotonio Dos Santos, “The Structure of Dependence,” in Charles K. Wilbert, ed., The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment ( New York: Random House, 1973 ), p. 109.