1. S. Karnow, In Our Image: America’s Empire in the Philippines (Manila: National Book Store, 1989) p. 198, pp. 230–8.
2. S. Seagrave, The Marcos Dynasty ( London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1990 ) pp. 330–42.
3. D. Jayanntha, Electoral Allegiance in Sri Lanka (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) is a thorough study of the use of different forms of patronage in rural and urban constituencies since independence.
4. Ibid., p. 161.
5. M. J. Akbar, Nehru: The Making of India (London: Penguin Books, 1988 ) pp. 250, 281.