1. The issue of war and peace first came up for discussion before the First International at its Brussels Congress in 1868 — in the context of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, which sowed the seeds of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The First International considered what attitude the working class should take in the event of a war breaking out between two or more great powers — in particular, the policy to be adopted towards ‘the originator [of the war]’. For more details, see Julius Braunthal, History of the International (London, 1966), pp. 320–5.
2. UK, Labour Party, Labour and the New Social Order (London, 1918).
3. C.R. Attlee, The Labour Party in Perspective (London, 1937), p. 119.
4. Sweden, Social Democratic Party, The Programme of the Swedish Social Democratic Party: Adopted by Decision of the Party at Its Seventeenth Congress, 1944 (Stockholm, 1944), p. 12.
5. Sweden, Social Democratic Party, The Programme of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (Stockholm, 1960), p. 22.