1. Colin Legum, “The International Dimension of the Crisis in Southern Africa”, in Gwendolen M. Carte and Patrick O’Meara (eds), Southern Africa in Crisis ( Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1977 ), p. 3.
2. Michael Brecher, “International Relations and Asian Studies: the Sub-State System of Southern Asia”, World Politics xv (1963), 213–35.
3. See also I. William Zartman, “Africa as a Subordinate State System in International Relations”, International Organisation, 21: 3 (1967), 545–64.
4. Larry W. Bowman, “The Subordinate State System of Southern Africa”, in Timothy M. Shaw and Kenneth A. Heard (eds), Cooperation and Conflict in Southern Africa ( Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1976 );
5. see also Timothy M. Shaw, “Southern Africa: Co-Operation and Conflict in the International Sub-System”, Journal of Modern African Studies 12: 4 (1974), 633–55, which accepted at this stage most of the thrust of Bowman’s analysis.