1. Susan Strange, ‘Debt and Default in the International Political Economy’, in Jonathan Aronson (ed.), Debt and Less Developed Countries (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1979) p. 7.
2. On Nigeria, see Margaret Hughes, ‘Nigerian Pledge Calms Banker’s Fears’, The Financial Times, 9 January 1984.
3. G. K. Helleiner, ‘The IMF and Africa in the 1980s’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, vol. 17 (1983) no. 1, p. 23.
4. Africa Economic Digest, 19 September 1983. The debt data are derived or compiled from the following sources: World Bank, World Debt Tables (1981); World Bank, World Development Report, 1983;
5. World Bank, Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (1981) IMF, World Economic Outlook (1982); IMF, Current Studies Division; Financial Times, 9 May 1983; African Business, May 1983; and bank estimates.