1. Engerman, William W. Freehling, P. W. Klein, Gert Oostindie, and Robert L. Paquette; to the Seminar on Caribbean Societies at the University of London’s Institute of Commonwealth Studies; to the Workshop on Migration and Missionary Activities at the international conference on the interaction between the Low Countries and the Americas, 1492–1992 (Leiden and Amsterdam, June 1992); to the participants at the Conference on the Lesser Antilles in the Age of European Expansion at Hamilton College (Clinton, New York, October 1992); and to the participants in the conference on Dutch Capitalism and Antislavery at the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology KITLV (Leiden, October 1993). Many suggestions that could not be incorporated into this article appeared in other versions, published in The Lesser Antilles in the Age of European Expansion, Robert L. Paquette and Stanley L. Engerman, eds (Gainesville FL, 1996), pp. 345–367; and
2. G. Oostindie, ed. Fifty years Later: Antislavery, Capitalism and modernity in the Dutch Orbit (Leiden, 1995; Pittsburgh, 1996) pp. 25–66.
3. P. C. Emmer, ‘Anti-Slavery and the Dutch: Abolition without Reform’, in Christine Bolt and Seymour Drescher, eds., Anti-Slavery, Religion, and Reform: Essays in memory of Roger Anstey (Folkstone 1980), pp. 80–98; and Gert Oostindie, ‘The Enlightenment, Christianity, and the Suriname Slave’, esp. p. 14, unpublished MS, kindly provided by the author.
4. In addition to Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (Chapel Hill, NC 1944), chs. 6–10, see
5. Eric Williams, From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean, 1492–1969 (New York, 1970), ch. 17. For reviews of the historiographical trends, see