1. R. Service, Lenin: A Political Life (London: Macmillan, 1985) vol. 1, pp. 54, 98.
2. J. Frankel, Vladimir Akimov on the Dilemmas of Russian Marxism 1895–1903 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969) p. 62.
3. R. Larsson, Theories of Revolution (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1970) pp. 230–51.
4. A. Ascher, Pavel Axelrod and the Development of Menshevism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972) p. 173.
5. T. Dan, The Origins of Bolshevism (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1964) pp. 310–16.