1. For the precursors of radicalism, see H. T. Dickinson, ‘Popular Politics in the Age of Walpole’, in Jeremy Black (ed.), Britain in the Age of Walpole (1984) pp. 45–68 and H. T. Dickinson, ‘The Precursors of Political Radicalism in Augustan Britain’, in Clyve Jones (ed.), Britain in the First Age of Party 1680–1750 (1987) pp. 63–84. For the ideological context, see H. T. Dickinson, Liberty and Property: Political Ideology in Eighteenth-Century Britain (1977) ch. 6; J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Radical Criticism of the Whig Order between Revolutions’, in Margaret Jacob and James Jacob (eds), The Origins of Anglo-American Radicalism (1984) pp. 35–57; Isaac Kramnick, ‘Republican Revisionism Revisited’, Amer. Hist Rev., 87 (1982) 629–64; and Colin C. Bonwick, English Radicals and the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, 1977). For the connections between the British radicals and the American cause see James E. Bradley, Popular Politics and the American Revolution in England (Macon, 1986) and John Sainsbury, Disaffected Patriots: London Supporters of Revolutionary America (Gloucester, 1987). There are numerous popular biographies of John Wilkes, but none is very satisfactory. The best remains Horace Breackley, The Life of John Wilkes (1917). There are, however, several useful studies of aspects of Wilkes’s career and the Wilkite movement. Among the best are: George Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty (Oxford, 1962) and ‘Wilkes and Liberty, 1768–9’, Guildhall Miscellany, I (1952) 3–24; Peter D. G. Thomas, ‘John Wilkes and the Freedom of the Press (1771)’, Bull. Inst. Hist. Res., XXXIII (1960) 86–98; and John Brewer, ‘The Wilkites and the Law, 1763–74’, in John Brewer and John Styles (eds), An Ungovernable People (1980) pp. 128–71 and ‘The Number 45: A Wilkite Political Symbol’, in Stephen Baxter (ed.), England’s Rise to Greatness (Los Angeles, 1983) pp. 349–80. There is no biography of Christopher Wyvill, but useful studies of radical theorists include John W. Osborne, John Cartwright (Cambridge, 1972); D. O. Thomas, The Honest Mind: The Thought and Work of Richard Price (Oxford, 1977); and Carla H. Hay, James Burgh, Spokesman for Reform in Hanoverian England (Washington, DC, 1979). There are a number of useful studies of the radical and reform movements of this period, including George S. Veitch, The Genesis of Parliamentary Reform (1913; rep. 1965); S. Maccoby, English Radicalism 1762–85 (1955); Ian R. Christie, Wilkes, Wyvill and Reform (1962); Eugene C. Black, The Association: British Extraparliamentary Political Organization 1769–1793 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963); John Cannon, Parliamentary Reform in Hanoverian England (Washington, DC, 1979). There are a number of Politics at the Accession of George III (Cambridge, 1976); and John Brewer, ‘English Radicalism in the Age of George III’, in J. G. A. Pocock (ed.), Three British Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776 (Princeton, 1980). On the social and economic context, see Walter J. Shelton, English Hunger and Industrial Disorders (1973) and John Brewer, ‘Commercialization and Politics’, in Neil McKendrick, John Brewer and J. H Plumb, The Birth of a Consumer Society (1982) pp. 197–262.