1. See K. D. Bracher, ‘Problems of Parliamentary Democracy in Europe’, Daedalus, XCIII (1964) 179–98.
2. These developments have given rise to a sizeable literature on the concept of ‘government overload’. See, for example, A. King (ed.), Why is Britain Becoming Harder to Govern (London: BBC, 1976) esp. chap. 1;
3. J. Douglas, ‘The Overloaded Crown’, British Journal of Political Science, XLVI (1976) 483–505;
4. M. Crozier, S. P. Huntington and J. Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy (New York: New York Univ. Press, 1975).
5. This thesis was first expressed in A. Lowell, Governments and Parties in Continental Europe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1896)