1. Nithard’s history was written to support the cause of Charles the Bald: Janet L. Nelson, “Public Histories and Private History in the Work of Nithard,” in her Politics and Ritual in Early Medieval Europe (London: The Hambledon Press, 1986), pp. 195–237.
2. “… repente ab Aquitania missi pro foribus adstiterant, qui coronam et omnem ornatem tarn regium quam et quicquid ad cultum divinum per-tinebat ferebant.” (2.8, year 841) Nithard, Histoire des fils de Louis le Pieux, ed. Philibert Lauer (Paris: Société d’édition “Les belles lettres,” 1964), p. 60.
3. Janet L. Nelson, “Public Histories and Private History,” p. 205f.; likewise her Charles the Bald (London: Longman, 1992), p. 114.
4. In regard to the later Middle Ages, see Odile Blanc, “Histoire du costume: l’objet introuvable,” Médiévales 29 (1995), 65–82.
5. Hervé Pinoteau, “Les insignes du roi vers l’an Mil,” in Michel Parisse and Xavier Barral I Altet, eds., Le roi de France et son royaume autour de l’an mil. Actes du colloque Hugues Capet 987–1987, Paris-Senlis, 22–25 juin 1987 (Paris: Picard, 1992), pp. 73–88. See p. 74f.