1. José Vasconcelos, La Raza Cdsmica: Misién de la Raza lbero-Americana ( México: Aguilar S.A. de Ediciones, 1961 ).
2. Arthur Koestler termed this “bisociation.” Albert Rothenberg, The Creative Process in Art, Science, and Other Fields (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), p. 12.
3. To borrow chemist Ilya Prigogine’s theory of “dissipative structures.” Prigogine discovered that substances interact, not in predictable ways as it was taught in science, but in different and fluctuating ways to produce new and more complex structures, a kind of birth he called “morphogenesis,” which created unpredictable innovations. Harold Gilliam, “Searching for a New World View,” This World (January 1981), p. 23.
4. Gina Valdés, Puentes y Fronteras: Copias Chicanas ( Los Angeles, Calif.: Castle Lithograph, 1982 ), p. 2.
5. Richard Wilhelm, The I Ching or Book of Changes, trans. Cary E Baynes (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1950 ), p. 98.