1. This section and the next draw upon, and modify, Albert Weale, ‘Procedural Fairness and Rationing the Social Services’ in Noel Timms (ed.). Social Welfare: Why and How? (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980) pp. 233–57.
2. The model of the sort of social welfare agency presupposed in the text is of the bureaucratic sort, described for example in Harold L. Wilensky and Charles N. Lebeaux, Industrial Society and Social Welfare (New York: Free Press, 1965) ch. 10.
3. See Jonathan Bradshaw, The Family Fund (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980). A similar arrangement, with a government body allocating funds to a charitable body, was initiated in Saskatchewan in 1920, when municipalities allocated monies to the Anti-TB League for the care of those suffering from tuberculosis.
4. See Malcolm G. Taylor, Health Insurance and Canadian Public Policy (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1978) p. 73.
5. For a description of these practices see Anthony S. Hall, The Point of Entry (London: Allen & Unwin, 1974).