1. A recent though not wholly successful attempt to examine the indigenous development of Soviet nationalities is the collection of essays edited by George W. Simmonds: Nationalism in the USSR & Eastern Europe in the Era of Brezhnev & Kosygin: Papers and Proceedings of the Symposium held at the University of Detroit on October 3–4, 1975 (Detroit: University of Detroit Press, 1977).
2. Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone, “The Dialectics of Nationalism in the USSR,” Problems of Communism 22:3 (May–June 1974), pp. 18–19.
3. A. Shtromas, “The Legal Position of Soviet Nationalities and their Territorial Units according to the 1977 Constitution of the USSR,” The Russian Review 37:3 (July 1978), p. 267.
4. Izvestiia, October 5, 1977; translation in E. Bagramov, “A Factual Survey of the Soviet Nationalities Policy,” Reprints from the Soviet Press 27:5 (September 15, 1978), p. 49.
5. The historian of this period, David Marshall Lang, writes: “By the year 1800, the process of disintegration of the Georgian state had reached a critical stage…. Left to itself, it is doubtful whether the Georgian nation would even have been assured of physical survival.” The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658–1832 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1957), pp. 282–283.