1. Max Nordau, Degeneration (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1900) p. 326.
2. See Dracula, ed. Maud Ellmann (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996) p. 191. All subsequent references are to this edition, and are given in the text.
3. For nineteenth-century representations of the artist as a monstrous vampire and cannibal, see Mario Praz, The Romantic Agony, trans. Angus Davidson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970) pp. 53–94.
4. See Nordau, Degeneration, p. 317. On Wilde’s role, see R.K.R. Thornton, The Decadent Dilemma (London: Edward Arnold, 1983) pp. 65–69.
5. On Wilde’s connections to the Stokers, see Richard Elfmann, Oscar Wilde (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987) pp. 344 and p. 353; and