Spatial Autocorrelation of Exports and R&D Expenditures in Portugal

Abstract

AbstractThis article analyzes spatial autocorrelations and the formation of clusters of exports, based on research and development (R&D) intensity in Portugal. The central idea is that exports show relative interdependence and spillover effects among nearby regions and a direct relationship with R&D expenditures. It adopts the new taxonomy of the OECD, separating exports by manufacturing and non-manufacturing activities by technological intensity. Methodologically, it applied exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), using global Moran’s index and LISA. The results showed the presence of positive spatial autocorrelation of exports and the formation of a cluster of the high–high type for the Área Metropolitana do Porto and Região de Aveiro. There is also a positive spatial autocorrelation for exports associated with R&D expenditures as well as the formation of a regional cluster with high–high pattern for the Região de Aveiro. This outcome can be explained, in part, by nationally and internationally recognized universities and research centers surrounding the region, favoring knowledge spillovers across the regions.