The interaction of bile acids and gut inflammation influences the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

Author:

Di Ciaula Agostino,Bonfrate Leonilde,Khalil Mohamad,Portincasa PieroORCID

Abstract

AbstractBile acids (BA) are amphipathic molecules originating from cholesterol in the liver and from microbiota-driven biotransformation in the colon. In the gut, BA play a key role in fat digestion and absorption and act as potent signaling molecules on the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane-associated G protein-coupled BA receptor-1 (GPBAR-1). BA are, therefore, involved in the maintenance of gut barrier integrity, gene expression, metabolic homeostasis, and microbiota profile and function. Disturbed BA homeostasis can activate pro-inflammatory pathways in the gut, while inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can induce gut dysbiosis and qualitative and/or quantitative changes of the BA pool. These factors contribute to impaired repair capacity of the mucosal barrier, due to chronic inflammation. A better understanding of BA-dependent mechanisms paves the way to innovative therapeutic tools by administering hydrophilic BA and FXR agonists and manipulating gut microbiota with probiotics and prebiotics. We discuss the translational value of pathophysiological and therapeutic evidence linking BA homeostasis to gut inflammation in IBD.

Funder

Horizon 2020

Regione Puglia

Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro

Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Emergency Medicine,Internal Medicine

Reference220 articles.

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3. Guillot A, Guerri L, Feng D, Kim SJ, Ahmed YA, Paloczi J et al (2021) Bile acid-activated macrophages promote biliary epithelial cell proliferation through integrin alphavbeta6 upregulation following liver injury. J Clin Invest 131(9):e132305

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