Comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes, infectious complications and microbiological data in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a retrospective observational study of 92 subjects

Author:

Desantis Vanessa,Borrelli Paola,Panebianco Teresa,Fusillo Antonio,Bochicchio Donatello,Solito Angelo,Pappagallo Fabrizio,Mascolo Antonella,Ancona Anna,Cicco Sebastiano,Cerchione Claudio,Romano Alessandra,Montagnani Monica,Ria Roberto,Vacca Angelo,Solimando Antonio Giovanni

Abstract

AbstractPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) have an increased risk of sepsis due to underlying disease- and treatment-related immunosuppression. However, data on sepsis incidence, causative pathogens, and impact on outcomes in newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) are limited. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 92 NDMM patients who developed sepsis between 2022 and 2023 at a tertiary care center in Italy. Patient characteristics, sepsis criteria [Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)], microbiology results, and associations with progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. In this cohort of 92 critically-ill patients, pathogenic organisms were identified via microbiological culture in 74 cases. However, among the remaining 18 culture-negative patients, 9 exhibited a SIRS score of 2 and another 9 had a SIRS score of 4, suggestive of a clinical presentation consistent with sepsis despite negative cultures. Common comorbidities included renal failure (60%), anemia (71%), and bone disease (83%). Gram-negative (28%) and Gram-positive (23%) bacteria were frequent causative organisms, along with fungi (20%). Cox Univariate analyses for PFS showed statically significant HR in patients with albumin ≥ 3.5 vs < 3.5 (HR = 5.04, p < 0.001), Karnofsky performance status ≥ 80 vs < 80 (HR = 2.01, p = 0.002), and early-stage vs late-stage disease by International Staging System (HR = 4.76 and HR = 12.52, both p < 0.001) and Revised International Staging System (R-ISS III vs R-ISS I, HR = 7.38, p < 0.001). Sepsis is common in NDMM and associated with poor outcomes. Risk stratification incorporating sepsis severity, comorbidities, and disease stage may help guide preventive strategies and optimize MM management.

Funder

Fondo per il Programma Nazionale di Ricerca e Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale - PRIN

Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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