Abstract
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-characterized stem cells in adult tissues. Nevertheless, as of today, many open questions remain. First, what is the phenotype of the most primitive “pre-HSC” able to undergo asymmetric divisions during ex vivo expansion that gives rise to HSC for all hemato-lymphopoietic lineages. Next, most routine in vitro assays designed to study HSC specification into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for major hematopoietic lineages are based on a limited number of peptide-based growth factors and cytokines, neglecting the involvement of several other regulators that are endowed with hematopoietic activity. Examples include many hormones, such as pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal sex hormones, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones, as well as bioactive phosphosphingolipids and extracellular nucleotides (EXNs). Moreover, in addition to regulation by stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), trafficking of these cells during mobilization or homing after transplantation is also regulated by bioactive phosphosphingolipids, EXNs, and three ancient proteolytic cascades, the complement cascade (ComC), the coagulation cascade (CoA), and the fibrinolytic cascade (FibC). Finally, it has emerged that bone marrow responds by “sterile inflammation” to signals sent from damaged organs and tissues, systemic stress, strenuous exercise, gut microbiota, and the administration of certain drugs. This review will address the involvement of these unconventional regulators and present a broader picture of hematopoiesis.
Funder
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference93 articles.
1. Thomas, E. D., & Epstein, R. B. (1965). Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia. Cancer Research, 25(9), 1521–1524.
2. Körbling, M. (1991). The role of stem cell mobilization in the scope of autologous blood stem cell transplantation. Beitrage zur Infusionstherapie, 28, 233–241.
3. Gluckman, E., Broxmeyer, H. A., Auerbach, A. D., Friedman, H. S., Douglas, G. W., Devergie, A., Esperou, H., Thierry, D., Socie, G., & Lehn, P. (1989). Hematopoietic reconstitution in a patient with Fanconi's anemia by means of umbilical-cord blood from an HLA-identical sibling. The New England Journal of Medicine, 321(17), 1174–1178.
4. Ratajczak, M. Z. (2008). Phenotypic and functional characterization of hematopoietic stem cells. Current Opinion in Hematology, 15(4), 293–300.
5. Mierzejewska, K., Borkowska, S., Suszynska, E., Suszynska, M., Poniewierska-Baran, A., Maj, M., Pedziwiatr, D., Adamiak, M., Abdel-Latif, A., Kakar, S. S., Ratajczak, J., Kucia, M., & Ratajczak, M. Z. (2015). Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells express several functional sex hormone receptors-novel evidence for a potential developmental link between hematopoiesis and primordial germ cells. Stem Cells and Development, 24(8), 927–937.
Cited by
21 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献