1. Abramovitz, M., andStegun, I.A. (eds.). 1964. Handbook of Mathematical Functions. U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
2. Anderson, R.F. 1977. Dispersal and attack behavior of the southern pine engraver,Ips grandicollis Eichh., Coleoptera, Scolytidae, pp. 17?23,in H.M. Kuhlman, and H.C. Chiang, (eds.). Insect Ecology. Tech. Bull. Minn. Agric. Exp. Stn. 310.
3. Annila, E. 1969. Influence of temperature upon the development and voltinism ofIps typographus L. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae).Ann. Zool. Fenn. 6:161?207.
4. Bailey, N.T.J. 1961. Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Genetic Linkage. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
5. Bakke, A. 1976. Spruce bark beetle,Ips typographic: Pheromone production and field response to synthetic pheromones.Naturwissenschaften 63:92.