1. Tewksbury, J.G., M.S. Crandall, and W.E. Crane (1980).Measuring the Societal Benefits of Innovation, Science, Vol. 209, pp. 658–662.
2. Brown, M.A., and C.R. Wilson (1993).The Temporal Dimension of R&D Evaluation,in Evaluating R&D Impacts: Methods and Practice, Barry Bozeman and Julia Melkers, eds. Kluwer Publishers: Norwell, MA, pp. 245–262.
3. Perry, Nancy J. (Spring/Summer 1991).More spinoffs from defense: despite the billions invested, military technology hasn't delivered much to the marketplace lately; here's how to squeeze more competitive clout from the Pentagon. Fortune, Vol. 123, No. 12, pp. 60–65.
4. Scott, William B. (July 27, 1992).NASP Spinoffs Already Making Positive Impact on US Industries. Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 137, No. 4, pp. 54–55.
5. Ibid. Brown and Wilson (1993).