1. Bormann B v, Ratthey K, Schwelick G, Schneider C, Müller H, Hempelmann G (1988) Postoperative Schmerztherapie durch transdermales Fentanyl. Anästh Intensivther Notfallmed 23:3
2. Calis KA, Kohler DR, Corso DM (1992) Transdermally administered fentanyl for pain management. Clin Pharmacy 11:22
3. Caplan RA, Southam M (1990) Transdermal drug delivery and its application to pain control. In: Benedetti C et al. (eds) Advances in pain research and therapy, vol 14. Raven Press, New York, p 233
4. Caplan RA, Southam M (1991) Transdermal fentanyl: an overview of clinical progress. In: Estafanous FG (ed) Opioids in anesthesia. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, p 267
5. Chandrasekaran SK, Micheals AS, Campell PS (1976) Scopolamine penetration through human skin in vitro. Am Inst Chem Eng J 22:829