1. Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (2006) Dictionary of Chinese traditional medicine (Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian), 2nd edn. Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, Shanghai, China, pp 2578–2579
2. Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (2010) Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, vol I, 2010 edn. China Medical Science Press, Beijing, China, p 264
3. Hong DY, Wu ZY, Raven PH (2011) Flora of China, vol 19. Science Press/Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing/St. Louis, pp 513–516
4. Namba T, Komatsu K, Iwai M, Xu GJ (1992) Pharmacognostical studies on the Codonopsis plants (1). On the anatomical characteristics of the root of Sect. Codonopsis plants. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 46:156–164
5. Namba T, Komatsu K, Iwai M (1992) Pharmacognostical studies on the Codonopsis plants (2). On the botanical origin of the Chinese crude drug ‘‘Dangshen’’ and its related crude drugs derived from Sect. Codonopsis plants. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 46:165–173