1. “Smoker and Non-Smoker Mortality”, Jullian Evans, The Actuary, January/February 1993.
2. “Mortality Differences between Smokers and Non-Smokers“. Michael J. Cowell, FSA, Brian L. Hirst, FSA, State Mutual Life Assurance Company of America, Worcester, Massachusetts.
3. “Life Insurance Marketting and Research Association”, Bulletin No. 144, 1980.
4. “Non-smoking bandwagon”, The Review, March 5, 1982, Roger Hardman.
5. “A Review of the Mortality Differences between Smokers and Non-Smokers and their Significance to Life Insurance Underwriting and Pricing”, Gordon A. Gibbins, F.S.A., F.C.I.A., paper presented at the 1981 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries on June 11, 1981.