Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations

Author:

Bertolotto MicheleORCID, ,Freeman Simon,Richenberg Jonathan,Belfield Jane,Dogra Vikram,Huang Dean Y.,Lotti Francesco,Markiet Karolina,Nikolic Olivera,Ramanathan Subramaniyan,Ramchandani Parvati,Rocher Laurence,Secil Mustafa,Sidhu Paul S.,Skrobisz Katarzyna,Studniarek Michal,Tsili Athina,Turgut Ahmet Tuncay,Pavlica Pietro,Derchi Lorenzo E.

Abstract

Abstract Although often asymptomatic and detected incidentally, varicocele is a relatively common problem in patients who seek medical attention for infertility problems. Ultrasound (US) is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation, but there is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria, classification, and examination technique. In view of this uncertainty, the Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR-SPIWG) undertook a systematic review of the available literature on this topic, to use as the basis for evidence-based guidelines and recommendations. This paper provides the results of the systematic review on which guidelines were constructed.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging,General Medicine,Internal Medicine

Reference192 articles.

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3. Paick S, Choi WS (2019) Varicocele and testicular pain: a review. World J Mens Health 37:4–11

4. Dubin L, Amelar RD (1970) Varicocele size and results of varicocelectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril 21:606–609

5. Salonia A, Bettochi C, Carvalho J, Corona G, Jones TH, Kadioğlu A, Martinez-Salamanca JI, Minhas S, Serefoğlu EC, Verze P (2020) EAU guidelines on sexual and reproductive health 2020. In: Presented at the EAU annual congress Amsterdam 2020. European Association of Urology Guidelines Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands

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