1. Armitage, P. D. 1968. Some notes on the food of the chironomid larvae of a shallow woodland lake in south Finland, Annls zool. fenn. 5: 6–13.
2. Brenman, A. P. 1976. The role of particulate material in the ecology of larval Chironomidae (Diptera) from an upland river. Unpubl. Ph. D. thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
3. Bryce, D. & Hobart, A. 1972. The biology and identification of the larvae of the Chironomidae (Diptrera). Entomologist's Gaz. 23: 175–217.
4. Coffman, W. P., Cummins, K. W. & Wuycheck, J. C. 1971. Energy flow in a woodland ecosystem: I. Tissue support trophic structure on the autumnal community. Arch. Hydrobiol. 68: 232–276.
5. Davies, R. W. & McCauley, V. U. 1970. Effects of preservatives on regurgitation of gut contents in Chironomidae. Can. J. Zool. 48: 519–522.