Assessing the cadmium content of cacao crops in Arauca, Colombia
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Published:2024-03-21
Issue:4
Volume:196
Page:
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ISSN:0167-6369
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Container-title:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Environ Monit Assess
Author:
Bravo Daniel,Quiroga-Mateus Ruth,López-Casallas Marcela,Torres Shirley,Contreras Ramiro,Otero Andres Camilo Mendez,Araujo-Carrillo Gustavo A.,González-Orozco Carlos E.
Abstract
AbstractThe district of Arauca is the second-largest producer of cacao in Colombia. However, despite its quality, it faces issues for export due to levels of cadmium (Cd) higher than the regulatory thresholds. A central question is how it may impact agricultural performance in the presence of Cd in cacao and chocolates. This study quantified Cd in cacao plantations from Arauca. Thus, 180 farms were assessed in the municipalities of Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena, and Tame. Five sample types (soil, irrigation channel sediment, soil litter, cacao seeds, and chocolates) were assessed for Cd. As a technological innovation, the new MXRF technology was used for Cd in chocolates. The sequence of Cd content was soil litter > chocolate > soils > cacao seeds > irrigation-channel sediment. A gradient north–south of Cd content in soil was observed, where highest content was found in farms near the Arauca River, and lower farther away. In irrigation channel sediment, Cd levels averaged 0.07 mg kg−1. The Cd content in cacao seeds was 0.78 mg kg−1 on average. Cd content in chocolates was above the threshold (1.10 mg kg−1 on average, including several cacao mass percentages). These artisanal chocolate bars produced by single farms were near the limit of Cd set by the European Union (up to 0.8 mg kg−1). Therefore, mixing beans from different farms could reduce their Cd content. The present study underscores the complexity of Cd distribution, emphasizing the importance of integrating soil, crop, and landscape features in managing and mitigating Cd levels in cacao.
Funder
Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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