The correlation between osteoporotic vertebrae fracture risk and bone mineral density measured by quantitative computed tomography and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Summary This paper presents a comparison of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in osteoporosis with vertebral fracture and osteoporosis without fracture. It has been proved that the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measured by QCT exhibits a stronger correlation with fracture risk than areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured by DXA. Purpose This study aims to systematically evaluate the ability of QCT and DXA to distinguish between osteoporosis with vertebral fracture and osteoporosis without fracture according to vBMD and aBMD. Methods We conducted a primary literature search of the online databases up to 3 July, 2022, in both English and Chinese publications, combining synonyms for “QCT”, “DXA” and “osteoporosis”. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of the selected articles. vBMD obtained through QCT and aBMD obtained through DXA were extracted, and were analyzed by Review Manager 5.4 and RStudio. Results Six studies with 610 individuals aged 45 to 90, of which 179 had vertebral fractures, were included in the final analysis. The weighted mean difference (WMD) between osteoporosis with vertebral fracture and osteoporosis without fracture for vBMD was − 27.08 (95% CI  − 31.24 to  − 22.92), while for aBMD was − 0.05 (95% CI − 0.08 to − 0.03). Conclusions Both vBMD detected by QCT and aBMD detected by DXA could discriminate fracture status in the spine, and vBMD performed a stronger correlation with fracture risk. Trial registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022349185.