Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Fetal genital malformations represent a rare and heterogeneous group of congenital malformations of the disorders of sexual development (DSD) spectrum.
Methods
A thorough literature review on the main topics in the prenatal approach towards DSD was conducted.
Results
First, a thorough overview on prenatal characteristics of the most common fetal genital malformations of ovaries, uterus and external genitalia, and second, a standardized approach for differential diagnosis in the presence of direct and indirect prenatal signs of DSDs.
Conclusions
This review is mainly directed towards the aspects of female genital malformations with aspects of male DSD explained as well to aid in the prenatal differential diagnosis.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Obstetrics and Gynecology,General Medicine
Reference98 articles.
1. Ahmed SF, Khwaja O, Hughes IA (2000) The role of a clinical score in the assessment of ambiguous genitalia. BJU Int 85:120–124. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00354.x
2. Prader A (1954) Genital findings in the female pseudo-hermaphroditism of the congenital adrenogenital syndrome; morphology, frequency, development and heredity of the different genital forms. Helv Paediatr Acta 9:231–248
3. Oppelt P, Binder H, Birraux J, Brucker S, Dingeldein I, Draths R, Eckoldt F, Fullers U, Hiort O, Hoffmann D et al (2021) Diagnosis and therapy of female genital malformations (Part 2). Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/052, May 2019). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 81:1329–1347. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1471-4988
4. Oppelt P, Binder H, Birraux J, Brucker S, Dingeldein I, Draths R, Eckoldt F, Fullers U, Hiort O, Hoffmann D et al (2021) Diagnosis and Therapy of Female Genital Malformations (Part 1). Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/052, May 2019). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 81:1307–1328. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1471-4781
5. Avni FE, Lerisson H, Lobo ML, Cartigny M, Napolitano M, Mentzel HJ, Riccabona M, Wozniak M, Kljucevsek D, Augdal TA et al (2019) Plea for a standardized imaging approach to disorders of sex development in neonates: consensus proposal from European Society of Paediatric Radiology task force. Pediatr Radiol 49:1240–1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04414-4
Cited by
4 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献