1. SAE International Congress and Exposition;A.M. Shermann,1986
2. A.W. Sommer et al., “Titanium and the Automobile Engine,”Titanium ’92, ed. F.H. Froes and I. Caplan (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1992).
3. J.E. Allison, A.M. Sherman, and M.R. Bapna, “Titanium in Engine Valve Systems,”JOM, 39 (2) (1987), pp. 14–17.
4. SAE paper;R. Southam,1980
5. A.W. Sommer, private communication (1992).