1. Pyle, Kenneth B. 1969. The new generation in Meiji Japan: problems of cultural identity 1885-1895. Stanford University Press.
2. Gavin, Masako. 2004. National moral education: Abe Isoo’s views on education. Japanese Studies 24 (3): 323-333.
3. Powes, Cyril. 1978. Abe Isoo the utility man. in Bamba, N., and Howes, J. eds., Pacifism in Japan: the Christian and socialist tradition. Kyoto: Minerva.
4. Kimura, Ki. 1962. Supōtsubunken kaidai. In Meiji bunka shiryōsōsho kankōkai ed., Meiji bunka shiryōsōsho supōtsu hen. Kazama shobō, 3-10.
5. Ikei, Masaru. 1976. Hakkyu taiheiyō o koeru. Chūō kōron.