1. Borgnakke, C. G. and Tabaczynski, R. J., 1981, “Predictions of In-Cylinder Swirl Velocity and Turbulence Intensity for an Open Chamber Cup in Piston Engine,”SAE Paper, No. 810224, pp. 964–978.
2. Fraser, R. A. and et al., 1986, “Preliminary Turbulence Length Scale Measurement in a Motored I. C. Engine,”SAE paper 860021.
3. Hall, M. J. and Bracco, F. V., 1987, “A Study of velocities and Turbulence Intensities Measured in Firing and Motored Engines,”SAE Paper, No. 870453, pp. 1–28.
4. Heywood, J. B., 1987, “Fluid Motion within the Cylinder of Internal Combustion Engines,”ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 109.
5. Tabaczynski, R. J., 1976, “Turbulence and Turbulent Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines,”Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol. 2, pp. 143–165.