1. Ashby, W. Ross (1956): An Introduction to Cybernetics, London.
2. Baecker, Dirk (2005a): Form und Formen der Kommunikation, Frankfurt/M.
3. Baecker, Dirk (Hrsg.) (2005b): Schlüsselwerke der Systemtheorie, Wiesbaden.
4. Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1969): General System Theory. Foundations, Development, Applications, New York.
5. Colomy, Paul (1990): Strategic Groups and Political Differentiation in the Antebellum United States, in: Jeffrey, Alexander/ders., (Hrsg.), Differentiation Theory and Social Change. Comparative and Historical Perspectives, New York, S. 222–262.