1. Kintner, H., Merrick, T., Morrison, P. & Voss, P. (1994). Demographics: A casebook for business and government. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
2. McKibben, J., Mortezo, L., Prevost, R., Swanson, D. & Wright, K. (1985). Ohio's population in the year 2000, Cities and Villages 33: 9–11.
3. Population Bulletin 43(1);T. Merrick,1988
4. Murdock, S. & Ellis, D. (1991). Applied demography: An introduction to basic concepts, methods, and data. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
5. Pittenger, D. (1980). Some problems in forecasting population for government-planning purposes, The American Statistician 34: 135–139.