Bacteriostatic and antidiabetic activities of various extracts from the mixture leaves and stems of Suaeda marimita

Abstract

AbstractHumans were always in need of new medications to fight the many developing diseases that they face. In recent years, the race to develop new medicines has increased caused for new diseases to occur by bacteria and viruses developed causing accumulation, local damage, and inflammation or irritation. Suaeda maritima (S. maritima) is a plant that was used in the past to treat illness and the plant extracts showed several biological activities especially hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. The present goal of this work is to prepare plant extracts with varied polarities from the mixture of leaves and stems of S. maritima and examine their bacteriostatic and antidiabetic activities by in vitro methods. The crude extract was prepared from the mixture of leaves and stems powder samples by methanol using the maceration method for 36 h. The methanol was removed from the extract by the usual method and then fractionated methanol extract with different polarities solvents. The bacteriostatic and antidiabetic activities of plant extracts were determined by using disc diffusion and enzyme methods. The prepared varied polarities extract at four different concentrations (2000, 1000, 500, and 250 µg/mL) were used to evaluate their bacteriostatic activity against the Gram (+ and −) bacterial strains. Among the six plant extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest bacterial activity, and the lowest activity was in DCM extract. However, at low concentrations, almost all plant extracts of the selected plant didn’t show any bacteriostatic activity. The antidiabetic activity of plant varied extracts was assessed by using an α-glucosidase bioassay and the highest IC50 was obtained in methanol extract and the lowest was in hexane extract from this bioassay. The other plant crude extracts also showed promising activity against the α-glucosidase bioassay. The plant extracts with significant activity from the selected plant could be used as natural medication to treat diabetes.